Is the Lottery a Good Thing?
The lottery is a popular form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers to determine a winner. The prizes can range from cash to goods and services, including automobiles, vacations, home remodeling, and even college tuition. People spend billions on tickets each year, making it the country’s most popular form of gambling. But how exactly does it work? And is it a good thing?
The idea of using lots to decide fates has a long history in human culture, from the Old Testament’s instructions to Moses on how to divide land to Roman emperors giving away property and slaves by lot. Lottery games became more common in the 17th century, when they were used to raise money for everything from poor relief to building warships and other public works projects. At the outset of the Revolutionary War, Alexander Hamilton argued that “the casting of lots is an admirable method for distributing trifling sums among many, and for determining their relative worth in every way, without involving any difficulty or expense. Everybody will be willing to hazard a small sum for the hope of gaining a considerable one.”
In fact, lotteries were introduced to the United States by British colonists. But the initial reaction was largely negative, particularly among Christians. Ten states banned them between 1844 and 1859. They began to come back in the 1960s, with New Hampshire offering its first state lottery, hoping that it could cut into illegal gambling and generate money for education. Lottery games are now legal in 45 states.
State officials promote the lottery as a way to raise revenue for education, veteran’s health programs, and other services, with no additional taxes needed. But it’s not clear that this revenue is enough to fund the broader array of state services and keep the lights on, let alone provide more money for those who need it most. And the growth in lotto revenues has prompted an expansion into new types of games, like keno and video poker, which critics say exacerbate existing alleged problems with the lottery, such as targeting poorer individuals, presenting problem gamblers with far more addictive games, and so forth.
The lottery is a classic example of the way in which public policy is often made in piecemeal fashion, with little oversight and no broad perspective. This fragmented decision-making process has resulted in lottery systems that don’t always serve the general welfare. Instead, they’ve skewed people’s decisions by offering them the chance to win big and by promoting the illusion that they can get rich quick. And in a time of rising inequality and limited social mobility, that’s no small thing.